Lead levels in blood and saliva in a low-income population of Detroit, Michigan
Lead levels in blood and saliva in a low-income populace of Detroit, Michigan Books
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This digital document is a journal article from International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after buy. You can view it with any web browser.
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The relationships between blood lead (PbB) and saliva lead (PbSa) concentrations and the determinants of PbB and PbSa status in 970 low-income adults in the city of Detroit, Michigan were explored. Average PbB and PbSa values in the sample populace were found to be 2.7+/-0.1@mg/dl and 2.4+/-0.13@mg/l (equivalent to 0.24+/-0.13@mg/dl), respectively, and a weak but statistically significant association was found between the lead levels in the two types of body fluid samples. The average PbB level for men (4.0+/-0.56@mg/dl) was higher than that for women (2.7+/-0.11@mg/dl); other significant predictors of PbB included age, level of education, being employed, income level, the presence of coming off paint on the wall at home and smoking. There was no gender- or age-dependent difference in blood saliva values but statistically significant correlations were found between PbSa and level of education, employment, income level and smoking. Dental caries was severe in this populace. Only 0.5% of the participants had no clinical signs of caries, over 80% had cavitated carious lesions (i.e., lesions that had progressed into dentin), and the number of lost teeth and carious lesions averaged 3.4 and 30, respectively. Weak but significant associations were found between PbB as well as PbSa and measures of dental caries in the study populace. The positive associations are believed to be a reflection of the fact that the risk factors for dental caries, especially in low-income populations of the US, overlap extensively with those of lead poisoning and may not have a causal significance.
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